金属矿山酸性废水形成机理及治理现状分析
简介： 含硫金属矿山在开采过程中，由于空气、水、微生物的作用，生成酸性废水。这些酸性废水不但pH低、酸度大，而且含有大量的有毒、有害重金属。现在普遍采用的是石灰中和法治理，相比其它处理工艺——离子交换、吸附法、生物法、电化学处理技术，石灰中和法工艺简单、可靠、处理成本低，而且由于石灰中和法长时间的应用，其处理技术逐渐的成熟、完善。本文对金属矿山酸性废水形成机理和治理技术进行了讨论、分析，对普遍采用的石灰中和法的各处理工艺进行了着重比较、分析。
关键字：矿山酸性废水 形成机理 石灰中和法 处理技术
Analysis of cause of acid drainage and treatment in Metal Mines
Abstract：Acid mine drainage is a natural consequence of mining activity where the excavation of mineral deposits, exposes sulphur containing compounds to oxygen and water. Oxidation reactions take place (often biologically mediated) which affect the sulphur compounds that often accompany mineral seams. Finally, acid mine drainage which metals within accompanying minerals are often incorporated into generates. The discharge of wastewater which comprises acidic, metal-containing mixture into the environment surrounding abandoned mines is likely to cause serious environmental pollution which may be lead to off-site effect. All over the world there has been a long-term programme involving governments, academic and industrial partners which have investigated a range of acid mine drainage treatments. There is still no real consensus on what is the ideal solution. The problem with treatment is that there is no recognized, environmentally and friendly way. The standard treatment has been to treat with lime. There are many technologies, such as Ion Exchange and Other Adsorption Treatments、Biology-Based Treatments、Electrochemical Treatment Technologies, proposed for treatment of metal mine drainage, which are usually expensive and always more complex than liming. Lime treatment is simple and robust, and the benefits and drawbacks of the treatment well known due to long usage. This paper will discuss the mechanism of acid drainage formation in metal mines and the methods with an emphasis on lime treatment which have so far been proposed for its treatment
Key words：AMD；mechanism of formation；Lime treatment；Treatment technologies
金属矿山矿体酸性废水的产生主要是开采金属矿体矿石中含有硫化矿，硫化矿在自然界中分布广、数量多，它可以出现于几乎所有的地质矿体中，尤其是铜、铅、锌等金属矿床[1]，这些硫化矿物在空气、水和微生物作用下，发生溶浸、氧化、水解等一系列物理化学反应，形成含大量重金属离子的黄棕色酸性废水，这些酸性水pH一般为2～4，成份复杂含有多种重金属, 每升水中离子含量从几十到几百毫克；同时废水产生量大，一些矿山每天酸水排放量为几千甚至几万m3，且水量、水质受开采情况，及不同季节雨水丰沛情况不同而变化波动较大，这些酸性重金属废水的存在对矿区周围生态环境构成了严重的破坏。针对矿山酸性废水特点的处理技术的研究已有很大发展，但各处理工艺各有特点
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